Risk Factors of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Childhood Obesity / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: Obesity has recently emerged as a significant health problem in the pediatric population, and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing in tandem with a significant rise in childhood obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese children. METHODS: We enrolled 84 obese children who visited the pediatric obesity clinic at Yeung-Nam university hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on their alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (separated at 40 IU/L), and the mean of ages, total cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as the mean obesity index, and body fat percentage of the two groups were then compared. RESULTS: When the mean of ages (10.5+/-1.6 vs. 10.7+/-2.0 years), total cholesterol levels (183.0+/-29.1 vs. 183.7+/-31.3 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol levels (53.0+/-10.2 vs. 55.7+/-13.0 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol levels (113.4+/-30.2 vs. 113.0+/-30.0 mg/dL), triglyceride levels (99.4+/-62.9 vs. 114.2+/-47.3 mg/dL), obesity indexes (44.7+/-12.2 vs. 47.9+/-15.1%), and body fat percentages (32.7+/-5.0 vs. 34.0+/-4.8%) of group 1 (ALT or =41 IU/L), no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). However, hypertriglyceridemia (TG> or =110 mg/dL) was more frequent in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: TG may be an important risk factor in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and further study regarding the risk factors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is required.

Risk Factors of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Childhood Obesity / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: Obesity has recently emerged as a significant health problem in the pediatric population, and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing in tandem with a significant rise in childhood obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese children. METHODS: We enrolled 84 obese children who visited the pediatric obesity clinic at Yeung-Nam university hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on their alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (separated at 40 IU/L), and the mean of ages, total cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as the mean obesity index, and body fat percentage of the two groups were then compared. RESULTS: When the mean of ages (10.5+/-1.6 vs. 10.7+/-2.0 years), total cholesterol levels (183.0+/-29.1 vs. 183.7+/-31.3 mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol levels (53.0+/-10.2 vs. 55.7+/-13.0 mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol levels (113.4+/-30.2 vs. 113.0+/-30.0 mg/dL), triglyceride levels (99.4+/-62.9 vs. 114.2+/-47.3 mg/dL), obesity indexes (44.7+/-12.2 vs. 47.9+/-15.1%), and body fat percentages (32.7+/-5.0 vs. 34.0+/-4.8%) of group 1 (ALT or =41 IU/L), no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). However, hypertriglyceridemia (TG> or =110 mg/dL) was more frequent in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: TG may be an important risk factor in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and further study regarding the risk factors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is required.

Thermogenic Response to Fasting and Exercise in Different Aged Rats / 소아과

PURPOSE: Recently, there has been a marked increase in childhood obesity, and that has aroused social concern. Obesity increases several metabolic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, fatty liver, heart disease and the mortality rate. Complications of obesity are more closely related with the accumulation of visceral fat. Therefore, fundamental treatment of obesity Should be the reduction of body fat. Exercise is the best way to reduce body fat, especially to consume the free fatty acid released from adipocytes. However, it is anticipated that children's response to exercise could differ from adult's. This research was done to find the difference adaptations of energy metabolisms in exercises between children and adults. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into a young group(two-three months old), adult group(six months old) and an old group(fifteen months old). At fed ad libitum, O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured before and after the exercise. Before and after fasting for 24 hours, O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured. After fasting for 24 hours, the blood was taken to analyse the plasma glucose and free fatty acid. RESULTS: The fasting oxygen consumption decreased only in young rats compared with that of the fed state. The fasting respiratory quotient was decreased in the young and adult rats compared with those of the fed state. The post exercise oxygen consumption was increased in the young and adult rats but not in the old rats. The post-exercise respiratory quotient was decreased only in the young rats. There was no significant change of plasma glucose and free fatty acid between fed and fasting state in the young rats, while the fasting glucose levels were increased in the adult and old rats. CONCLUSION: These results mean that the responses to fasting and exercise differ among rats of different age groups and young rats can burn fat more easily during exercise and fasting than those of the adult and old rats because of the better metabolic flexibility of young rats.

Analysis of Urinary Calculi in Voided Urine after ESWL / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Accurate analysis of urinary calculi is fundamental for study of the etiology of stone formation and essential for treatment of urinary stone and its prevention. A total of 600 patients underwent treatments with ESWL for urinary tract calculi between May, 1987 and June, 1989. The stone fragments that were passed with 99 patient's urine and 21 stone calculi required surgical removal, were analyzed by infrared spectrometer. The following results were obtained : 1. Mixed calculus (58.3%) in much more than single calculus (41.7% ), The most common type of calculi is calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate (69 cases-57.5% ). The most common type of components is calcium oxalate (105 cases-87.5%). 2. Uric acid stones are found in acid urine, and most of magnesium ammonium phosphate stones are found in alkaline urine. 3. 17 of 120 cases have bacteriuria on culture and most of them are ureasplitting organisms. 4. 21 calculi of failed ESWL were analyzed and the components were calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate in 14, calcium oxalate in 4, magnesium ammonium phosphate in 2, uric acid in 1. 5. The causes of failed ESWL were stone components in 5 cases, impacted stone in 10 cases and poor stone localization in 6 cases.